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Jumat, 17 Juni 2011

PRODUCE DRIED CASSAVA AND STARCH





In international markets, cassava is known by the trade name casava. While cassava starch (flour aci, starch) is referred to as tapioca. Jakarta people even call this aci flour as "sago". But it is obvious difference between sago flour with cassava starch. The so-called cassava are cassava (tapioca, Manihot esculenta cassava = / Manihot utillisima) that have been peeled and dried. Stripping is usually done manually with a knife and hands. While the drying is done by leaving it directly under the hot sun.
Tapioca starch cassava flour is. Starch is obtained through the destruction of fresh cassava, dilution with water, extortion, starch deposition and drying. Traditional societies do this process manually by peeling cassava, memarutnya, give him water, then squeeze the juice to precipitate the starch is obtained which is then dried in the sun until dry.
Although cassava originated from tropical America and the newly planted in Indonesia after the arrival of the whites, but the development and utilization is already so widespread. In Central Java, particularly in dry regions, cassava is an important food commodity. Cassava flour are given water and steam will be tiwul, which some people used as staple food. If the drying process is not perfect until moldy cassava (most are black and brown) then it will be obtained commodity known as "gatot". In addition to material tiwul ditepungkan, gatot can also be soaked, small flakes made manually and steamed for direct consumption.
In addition to more delicious, nutritious gatot also better because the fungi (molds) that damage the cassava starch is actually produce the proteins and amino acids not previously found in cassava. Gatot making process a little more complicated than the dried cassava. Cassava is peeled, dried briefly to kill the cells (tissues) but do not let dry. Drying is usually done enough for one day to two days. Furthermore, cassava brooded in a sealed container until moldy. After that dried cassava again until dry to be stored as gatot.
In modern society, casava flour animal feed ingredients is quite important, particularly for poultry. Along with corn, copra, rice bran, and fish meal, dried cassava is the main ingredient of poultry feed and also ruminants and pigs. The function of cassava is as a source of fiber and carbohydrate quality but cheap. Because cassava can be grown only in tropical regions, the need for countries cassava is supplied from the sub-tropical Africa and tropical America and Southeast Asia. EEC, U.S. and PRC is the "consumer" with a volume large enough cassava.
Indonesia as a tropical country should be able to seize these opportunities. But in reality quota dried cassava and tapioca flour exports to the EEC we are almost always we can not fulfill. Many diagnostic time we are forced to import from Thailand to our re-export to the EEC. Until Thailand had protested to the EEC for their quota is raised and lowered Indonesia. The problem is that Indonesia itself as a producer of cassava, as well as a sizable consumer as well. Our poultry industry developed rapidly, would require a feed supply which will tend more and more as well. Until the needs of livestock feed ingredients will continue to grow. Including the need gapleknya.
If in modern life seem to be more widely used for dried cassava animal feed ingredients, so now instead of tapioca flour is an ingredient of human food which is quite important. First, the utilization of tapioca flour and starch is to glue to harden and smooth the ironed clothes before. But in today's modern life, the use of tapioca starch is a raw material for most liquid sugar (High Fructose Syrup = HFS), citric acid, meatballs and crackers.
Developed countries like the EEC, tapioca flour require industry to support their HFS and citric acid. HFS and citric acid is the main raw materials are given a variety of instant beverages frills "juice". While in country, the needs of tapioca flour also continued to rise with respect to the growth habit of eating "noodles meatballs" with kerupuknya, as well as the habits of eating fried cassava on a sidewalk. The main ingredients are tapioca flour meatballs and fresh meat (meat that has not withered). Therefore, although the dried cassava and tapioca flour industry grows everywhere (especially in Lampung), but our exports to the EEC quota still not being met. Even the recent trend, the price of dried cassava and tapioca flour in the country to be higher than export prices (FOB).
Scarcity of dried cassava and tapioca flour is a bit much also be caused also by the decline in the public interest to plant cassava. Prices of cassava which each harvest between June, July and August only around Rp 100, - (buyers own repeal) or Rp 200, - (the owner doing the removal). Has caused the community is reluctant to plant cassava. With an average yield of 10 tons per hectare, the gross income of a farmer of cassava is Rp 1,000,000, - from each hectare of their land. With further process them into dried cassava and tapioca flour, then the benefit of farmers will increase. Because the price of cassava at the farmer level reached Rp800, - per kg. while the tapioca flour can be up to Rp 2,000, - per kg.
From 1 ton (1,000 kg.) Fresh cassava price of Rp 200,000, - 10% of the skin and the part that should be discarded. While about 60% is water. Until, of 1 ton of fresh cassava, will be produced cassava (yield of 14% water) and weighs 440 kg. If the price of cassava at the farmer level USD 800, - then the value of cassava is Rp 352,000, - peeled and drying cost about Rp 100,000, - there is still a margin of up to Rp 52.000, - for each ton of fresh cassava. While the wage pull (Rp 100,000, -) and peel wages and drying (also Rp 100,000, -) was also enjoyed by the farmers themselves. Until the profit Rp 52.000, - per tonne of fresh cassava is a real added value to those enjoyed by owners of cassava.
If cassava is processed into tapioca flour, then the value added will be greater. Equipment to process fresh cassava into flour tapioca, not necessarily expensive machines. Coconut grater tools that are often found in markets and stalls, too, can be used to process fresh cassava into flour tapioca. It is also necessary wringer (pengempa) and flour containers to precipitate tapiokanya. The investment cost for equipment is estimated at between Rp 5.000.000, - to Rp 10.000.000, - which can be depreciated about 3 years. Olahnya capacity of about 1 to 2 tons of fresh cassava per day. Once peeled and milled, precipitated and dried, from 1 ton of fresh cassava, will be obtained about 200 kg. aci flour. With details, 10% of the volume are the skin and the base and the tip should be discarded. About 60% of water that 50% of them will also be discarded. And from 40% solids, 20% will be starch and 20% pulp.
With the price of Rp 2,000, - per kg. value of 200 kg. aci flour is now reaching 400,000, - coupled with the dry residue (for fodder) @ Rp 100, - per kg X 200 kg to Rp 20,000, - So the total revenue from the processing of flour aci is Rp 400.000 + Rp 20.000, - = Rp 420,000, - With a processing fee of Rp 150.000, - per ton of fresh cassava, then there is still a margin of Rp 70,000, - the rights of owners and investors cassava.
A cursory look, the advantages of the process sigkong fresh or dried cassava starch into these relatively small. But cassava is a commodity that is very short harvest period. Between June and October (five months), millions of hectares of cassava tuber will be dismantled to be taken. The result is millions of tons of fresh cassava. At the time of harvest so, fresh cassava prices will fall less than Rp 100, - per kg. This is an effort that should be addressed by the farmers themselves by performing the process of making dried cassava flour or tapioca.
But for that, farmers need to form groups. Then they also need capital to buy cassava for cash to the farmers and wait for aci-making process and marketing process that will take between 2 to 3 months. If in a group of 30 people there are 1,000 tons of fresh cassava, the required capital for the purchase of cassava worth Rp 100,000,000, - Within 2 months (6-day workweek) of the farmer members of the group should work revoke cassava, peeling, grinding, squeezing, flour and dried precipitate with a wage of about Rp 10,000, - per day. Means necessary working capital of approximately USD 180 million, - Capital investment is expected at most Rp 20.000.000, - Until the purposes of capital is Rp 300,000,000, -
Than 1,000 tonnes of cassava, will be obtained 200 tons of tapioca flour with a value of Rp 2.000.000, - per ton. Or total income of Rp 400 million, - That there is still a margin of approximately Rp 100,000,000, - which will be enjoyed by the farmer groups. In addition farmers can also work with the wage of Rp 180,000, - within about 2 months at the time of harvest cassava. But the question is, who should provide (lend) worth Rp 300,000,000, - it? If the loan was obtained from the bank, the bank will certainly ask koleteral.
Actually, the farmers can apply the results of cassava tapioca starch will eventually become as koleteral. But koleteral thus will certainly be rejected by the bank. Because banks usually ask koleteral form of land or land with buildings, vehicles, gold and others are easily refunded. Collateral in the form of raw materials and tapioca flour is still not unusual for banks in Indonesia. In fact, this guarantee is also relatively easy to be cashed. And from rough calculations that exist, the processing of fresh cassava into tapioca flour is relatively favorable. Because if not profitable, how can Mt Sewu Group, Astra and other Indonesia's top conglomerates are interested to deal with fresh cassava to tapioca? 

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